This study aimed to investigate the risk factors associated with cognitive impairment in patients with T2DM, providing a basis for prevention and treatment.

 This cross-sectional study involved adults aged 18 years and older who have T2DM. Participants were required to have available laboratory data and to be free of serious cognitive or neurological disorders. Demographic and clinical information was gathered through interviews, and cognitive function was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), with scores below 26 indicating cognitive impairment