Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major contributor to global morbidity and mortality, particularly in developing regions. Effective identification of high-risk individuals is crucial for targeted prevention and resource allocation. This population-based study aimed to compare the association and discriminatory performance of novel visceral adiposity indices—Lipid Accumulation Product (LAP), Visceral Adiposity Index (VAI), and Waist-triglyceride Index (WTI)—and Waist Circumference (WC) with Body Mass Index (BMI) in detecting prevalent diabetes.